The Welsh origins of place names in Britain
Find the original meanings of British place names that use Welsh source words with this extensive list of terms, along with pronunciation.
See also Scandanavian, Scots and Gaelic.
Copy and paste the grid references into OS Maps to see the location of each place.
Introduction to Welsh
Place names are made up of elements – the words people used to describe a place or their response to their environment. Place names can consist of a single generic element, usually a noun (Bryn, Talwrn or Dinas), but most place names comprise more than one element with a linguistic relationship between the elements. The generic can be qualified by:
- an adjective (Bryn‑coch in Powys, SH7602);
- an element defining the location in relation to a river (Brynaman);
- an archaeological site (Bryn‑celli‑ddu);
- a building (Bryneglwys in Denbighshire, SJ1447);
- a person (Brynsiencyn in Isle of Anglesey, SH4867); or
- vegetation (Bryncelyn)
Qualifying elements may, occasionally, precede the generic element (Gwynfryn in Wrexham, SJ2552). It is quite common for the definite article y to precede a place‑name (Y Bala, Y Waun, Y Trallwng).
Generic elements can be:
- topographic, referring to features of the landscape; or
- habitative names, describing the settlement in which people lived (tref, pentref and bod); or qualified by:
- personal names (Tremadog, Pentremeurig, Bodorgan);
- elements relating to size (Trefechan, Pentre‑bach, Bodfach);
- elements relating to location (Tre’r‑ddôl, Pentre‑bont, Bodffordd); or
- elements relating to adjacent building or feature (Trecastell, Pentre’r‑felin, Bodysgallen)
Ecclesiastical elements can loosely be described as habitative names, since many are combined with:
- personal names, usually of saints (Llandudno, Betws Garmon, Capel Curig), or with
- elements that specify a location (Llan‑faes, Betws‑y‑coed, Capel‑y‑ffin).
There are many pitfalls for the unwary, attempting to understand place names and indulging in the indiscriminate, uninformed and naïve interpretation of elements on the basis of the place names as they appear today. For example:
- Swansea has nothing to do with swan or sea;
- Hope is not connected with hope;
- Caerdydd has no connection with dydd;
- Ystradau is not dau;
- Llai is not llai;
- Tre‑saith is neither tre nor saith.
It is true that very many place names bestowed during the last two centuries do actually mean what they appear to mean. However, it is equally true that many place names are not what they seem, because of the passage of time, oral transmission, changes in spelling conventions and the natural urge to transform the obscure into the recognisable. Only the historical forms as they appear in the earliest documents are likely to reveal a place name’s ultimate derivation and meaning. All who hope to interpret place names must heed that warning, and verify the origin and meaning in authoritative reference books on place names.
This is a glossary of the elements, generic and qualifying, most frequently found in the place names are not included.
Each element is cited in:
- its radical form;
- any common dialectal variant;
- its feminine form (in the case of an adjective);
- its plural (if found in place names); and
- its gender.
The meaning given is that which occurs in place names. Some elements occur only in place names and others are prefixes, suffixes or particles that modify or qualify place names. Two place names (with grid references) are cited in most cases as examples for each element.
Pronouncing the Welsh place names
Welsh pronunciation follows definite rules. Once the system has been mastered, you will be able to pronounce every word. Below are some consonants that differ from English pronunciations, followed by an example from a place name.
Consonants
| c | always the k sound as in cat or kill | never s as in city | Conwy |
| ch | always as the ch in the Scottish loch | never as in lock or church | Rhos-goch |
| dd | always sounds like the th in breathe or then | Rhuddlan | |
| f | always the v sound as in Venice and of | Felindref | |
| ff | has the same sound as ph and the English off | never the v sound | Ffestiniog |
| g | always hard as in get | never sof as in gentle | Garn |
| ll | a voiceless l. Produce an l, but breathe out both sides of the tongue. | Llanelli | |
| ng | has the sound of the English ng in singing In a few exceptions, the ng is pronounced ng + g as in the English finger In others, n and g are separate sounds as in Llangollen | Bangor Llong | |
| r | this is trilled like a strong Scottish r or as in Spanish and Italian | Rachub | |
| s | same sound as the ss in moss or the s in sit | never the z sound as in nose | Dowlais |
| th | has the same sound as the th in thin never as the th in the | Bethesda |
Vowels
There are more vowels in the Welsh language than in English. They are of the kind often known as pure vowels, being more akin to those found in Spanish or Italian. They are never diphthonged as is often the case in English, which has to distinguish between can and cane. The forms in the square brackets that come after the letters are the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet.
| a | short [a] | as in apple |
| long [a] | as in father | |
| e | short [e] | as in enigma |
| long [e] | as in pin | |
| i | short [i] | |
| long [i] | as in machine | |
| o | short [o] | as in not (never as in note) |
| long [o] | ||
| u | as the first y in mystery | |
| w | short [u] | as the oo in took |
| long [u] | as the oo in moo | |
| y | has two sounds: (i) In monosyllables and in the final syllable of a word, it has the same sound as u, as represented by the i in Brinton. (ii)In other positions, it has the same sound as the u and the e in under. | |
The long forms of the vowels referred to above denote an elongated use of the short vowel sound. It is never a different sound. For example: the short form of w would be the equivalent of the oo in book. The long form would be the equivalent of the oo in moo.
The vowel is short in monosyllables occurring before the letters p, t, c, m, ng, or before a combination of two or more consonants. For example: cwm (valley); nant (brook); pen (top); marl (chalky clay); lloc (fold); cwt (hut, sty), and so on.
The vowel is long in monosyllabic words when it comes at the end or is followed by b, d, g, f, dd, ff, th, ch, s. For example: gwlad (country/region); lle (place); tre[f] (town/homestead); coch (red); de (south); rhos (moor/promontory); rhath (heath), llwch (dust), clos (yard), cloch (bell), and so on.
If a vowel is followed by an l, n, or r, it may be long or short – the long vowel being denoted by the circumflex sign (^). For example: dôl (meadow); lôn (road/lane); tŵr (tower); dâr (oak); pêr (sweet); mân (tiny/small).
The letters i and u are rarely circumflexed as they nearly always occur before l, n, r. For example: tir (land); min (side/edge/lip/brink); cul (narrow); mur (wall).
Long vowels are not circumflexed either in words in common use. For example: hen (old); llo (calf); cil (recess/corner/retreat); dyn (man).
Long vowels are used when a word can be pronounced with either a short or long vowel. For example: ar (on)/âr (ploughed); pin (pin)/pîn (pine); cor (dwarf)/côr (stall/crib).
Stress
Welsh words are usually stressed on the penultimate syllable – the last but one: Llanfair, Llanfairfechan.
Where the stress falls on the last syllable, a hyphen is usually inserted: Llan‑fair, Llan‑faes, Llanfair‑is‑gaer.
Exceptionally, some well established place names with stress on the last syllable are regularly written without the hyphen: Caerdydd, Maesteg.
In others, the circumflex accent will show the stress: Cwmbrân.
Mutations or consonant changes
In Welsh, under certain strict but constant conditions, consonantal change can occur at the beginning of words. Nine consonants can undergo change within three mutations – the Soft, the Nasal and the Aspirate.
| Original letter | p | t | c | b | d | g | ll | rh | m |
| Soft mutation | b | d | g | f | dd | – | l | r | f |
| Nasal mutation | mh | nh | ngh | m | n | ng | – | – | – |
| Aspirate mutation | ph | th | ch | – | – | – | – | – | – |
The following are a few simple rules:
(i) The first consonant of the second element of a compound word takes the soft mutation. For example:
- Brith (coarse) + tir (land) becomes Brithdir (the t, as can be seen in the table, has changed to a d)
- Pen (head/top/edge/end) + tref becomes Pen‑dre[f].
- Pen + cam (crooked/bent) becomes Pengam.
- Glas (green) + pwll (pit/pool) becomes Glasbwll.
(ii) The first consonant of a feminine singular noun is softened after the article namely – y or yr. For example:
- Pen (head/top. edge/end) + y (definite article) + glan (river‑bank/hillock) becomes
- Pen‑y‑lan.
- Bron (hill/breast) + y + moel (bare/bald) becomes Bron‑y‑foel.
- Pen + y + pont (bridge) becomes Pen‑y‑bont.
- Pen + yr + gallt (hill/hillside/cliff wood) becomes Pen‑yr‑allt.
Sometimes the mutation is retained even when the article that initially caused it has been lost. For example:
- Y + Celli (grove) becomes Gelli as in Gellilydan; Gelli Gandryll.
(iii) The initial consonant of an adjective softens when it follows a feminine noun singular. For example:
- Rhyd (ford) + coch (red) becomes Rhyd Goch.
- Felin (mill) + moel (bare/bald) becomes Felin‑foel.
- Sarn (causeway) + pigog (spiny/prickly) becomes Sarnbigog.
- Allt (hillside, cliff, wood) + coch becomes Allt Goch.
- Carreg (stone/rock) + Llwyd (grey/brown) becomes Carreg Lwyd.
(iv) The first consonant of the second element of a compound word (that tells us who the first element of the word refers to) is often softened when the first element is a feminine noun singular.
The second element is in the genitive case and acts like an adjective. For example:
- Tre (town/hamlet/homestead is a feminine singular noun) + Caron (name of a person) becomes Tregaron.
- Llan (church/monastery) + Padarn (name of a saint) becomes Llanbadarn.
- Llan + Daniel becomes Llanddaniel.
This sometimes occurs even though the first element is masculine. For example:
- Tŷ (house) + Dewi (name of a saint) becomes Tyddewi.
- Cae (field) + Dafydd (name of a person) becomes Cae Ddafydd.
(v) A few adjectives can be used before a noun. When this occurs they cause soft mutation. For example:
- Hen (old) + plas becomes Henblas.
- Hen + tre becomes Hendre.
- Hen + ty becomes Hendy.
(vi) The initial consonant of a noun takes soft mutation when it follows a preposition such as ar (on/over), tan/dan (under), dros/tros (on/over). For example:
- Pont (bridge) + ar (on) + Tawe (name of the river) becomes Pontardawe.
- Pont + ar + Dulais (another river) = Pontarddulais.
(vii) The initial consonant of a noun following the preposition yn takes a nasal mutation. For example:
- Llanfair + yn + deubwll becomes Llanfair yn Neubwll.
- Llanfair + yn + Buallt becomes Llanfair‑ym‑Muallt.
Welsh place names glossary
Place names are made up of components which are referred to as elements. These elements are simply the words people used to describe a place or their response to their environment.
This is a glossary of the elements, generic and qualifying, most frequently found in the place names of Wales.
Each element is cited in its radical form, any common dialectal variant, its feminine form (in the case of an adjective), its plural (if found in place‑names) and its gender.
The meaning given is that which occurs in place names. Some elements occur only in place names and others are prefixes, suffixes or particles that modify or qualify place names.
Two place names (with grid references) are cited as examples for each element.
Abbreviations:
| adj = adjective adv = adverb f = feminine m = masculine pl = plural | nf = noun feminine nm = noun masculine np = noun plural pr = preposition num = number |
| Element | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| abad nm | abbot | Tirabad SO8741 Hafod-yr-Abad SJ1848 |
| aber nm/f | estuary, confluence, stream | Aberystwyth SN5881 Llanaber SH6017 |
| acer nf aceri, acrau pl | acre | Ddwy-acer SJ0364 Ty’n-yr-acrau SH5833 |
| aderyn nm adar pl | bird | Brynyradar ST1675 Craig yr Aderyn SH6406 |
| adwy nf | gap, pass | Craig-adwy-wynt SJ1253 Nant Adwy’r-llan SH8546 |
| ael nf | brow, edge | Ael-y-coryn SJ1633 Aelybryn SN5872 |
| aelwyd nf | hearth | Aelwyd-uchaf SJ0974 Aelwyd Brys SH9250 |
| afallen nf | apple-tree | Afallenchwerw SN9854 Dolafallen SN9566 |
| afon nf | river | Afon-wen SJ1371 Glanrafon SN6790 |
| allt, gallt nf elltydd, alltau pl | hillside, cliff, wood | Allt-mawr SO0746 Alltwalis SN4431 |
| am pr | near, beside, around | Amlwch SH4493 Henllan Amgoed SN1820 |
| amlwg adj | evident, visible, prominent | Brynamlwg SN2214 Grwnamlwg SJ1515 |
| angell nf | offshoot, tributary, leg, wing, limb | Aberangell SH8410 Afon Angell SH8111 |
| anner, annair nf | heifer | Cwm Penanner SH9146 Dolpenanner SH9168 |
| ar pr | on, upon, over | Hendy-gwyn ar Daf SN2016 Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr SN1745 |
| ardd, ard nm | hill, height | Talardd SN4941 Pennard SS5688 |
| argoed nf | wood, grove | Argoed ST1799 Twyn-yr-argoed SO4207 |
| argae nm argaeau pl | dam, mill-dam, embankment | Rhydargaeau SN4326 Penyrargae SH3284 |
| arglwydd nm -es nf | lord, lady | Waunarlwydd SS6095 Caer-arglwyddes SN6991 |
| arian nm | silver | Carn yr arian SN9412 Fedw-arian SH9136 |
| arth nm/f | bear | Aber-arth SN4763 Afon Arth SN4862 |
| asgwrn nm esgyrn pl | bone | Mynydd yr Esgyrn SJ0818 Esgyrn SM9634 |
| athro nm | teacher, father confessor | Caeathro SH5061 Pant Yr Athro SN3613 |
| aur nm | gold | Bron-yr-aur SH7302 Llannerch-yr-aur SN8697 |
| awel nf awelon pl | breeze | Morawel SN0843 Awelfryn SN4223 |
| b- | A word starting b may be a mutated form of a word starting p | |
| bach adj | small, little | Dre-fach SN5045 Cwm-bach Llechryd SO0254 |
| bach nf bachau pl | nook, corner, bend in a river | Bachau SH4383 Eglwys-bach SH8070 |
| bachell nf bachell, bachellau pl | corner, nook, angle | Fachell SH9978 Fachell SH5466 |
| bala nm | narrow land between two lakes, outlet of a lake | Bala SH9236 Brynbala SN5986 |
| ban nf bannau pl | peak, beacon | Pen y Bannau SN7466 Rhydybannau SN5251 |
| banc nm | bank, hill, slope | Bancyfelin SN3218 Pen-y-banc SN4037 |
| bangor nf | (ecclesiastical) settlement enclosed within a wattled fence | Bangor SH5771 Bangor Teifi SN3840 |
| banhadlen nf banadl, banal pl | broom | Cefn-banadl SN6462 Bronbanadl SN6469 |
| banhadlog nf | broom patch | Maesbanadlog SN7067 Banhadlog SN9780 |
| bannog adj | high, horned, turreted | Bron-Bannog SJ0352 Cefnbannog SJ0251 |
| banw nm | young pig | Blaen Cwm Banw SO0722 Nant-y-banw ST4097 |
| bar nm | top, summit | Crug-y-bar SN6537 Bryn-y-bar SH2875 |
| barcud nm | kite, buzzard | Carreg y Barcud SM7724 Llwyn-y-barcud SN4109 |
| bardd nm beirdd pl | bard | Llof-y-bardd SN8953 Cwrtbrynbeirdd SN6618 |
| bargod nm | boundary (eaves) | Bargoed ST1499 Bargod Taf ST1098 |
| batin, bating | (see betin and so on) | |
| baw nm | dirt | Pig y Baw SN0140 Bryn y Baw SJ1678 |
| bedd nm beddau pl | grave | Beddgelert SH5948 Beddau ST0685 |
| bedwen nf bedw pl | birch | Craigyfedwen SH7576 Berthyfedwen SN3441 |
| bedwlwyn nm | birch grove | Bedwlwyn SJ2236 Bedwlwyncoch SN8823 |
| beidr nf | lane, path | Penfeidr SN1750 Penyfeidr SM8726 |
| beili nm beiliau pl | bailey | Beili SN3827 Beili-glas SO3010 |
| bela, bele nm | marten, wild beast | Trebela ST4298 Clunbele SN3433 |
| bendigaid adj | blessed | Llanfendigaid SH5605 Pontrhydfendigaid SN7366 |
| berw nm | rush of water | Berw-ddu SN9602 Berw-uchaf SH4671 |
| betin, beting, bietin, bieting nm | pared and burnt land | Cefn-betingau SN6601 Batingau SJ0658 |
| betws nm | chapel | Betws Bledrws SN5952 Betws-y-coed SH7956 |
| beudy nm | cow-house | Beudiau SN5549 Beudy-mawr SH3133 |
| bid nm | quickset hedge | Carreg Fidwen SH6481 Twyn y Fidffawydd SO1102 |
| blaen nm blaenau pl | source of river or stream; | Blaenau Ffestiniog SH7045 Blaengarw highland SS9092 |
| blaidd nm | wolf | Cae’r-blaidd SN5133 Castell-y-blaidd SO1279 |
| bod nm/f | abode, dwelling | Bodedern SH3380 Meifod SJ1512 |
| bol, bola nm | belly, swelling | Rhos-y-bol SH4288 Cors-y-bol SH3784 |
| bon nm | stock, stump, base | Bon-y-maen SS6895 Bon-yr-on SJ0646 |
| boncen, boncyn | (see poncyn, poncen) | |
| braenar, branar nm, brynar nf | fallow land | Mynydd Branar SH8771 Braenarauduon SN7246 |
| braich nm/f | ridge, arm | Pen-y-braich SJ0316 Braich Anelog SH1427 |
| brân nf brain pl | crow | Cwm-brân ST2995 Llanfihangel Nant Brân SN9434 |
| bras adj breision pl | big, fat, rich | Bryn-bras SH8543 Maen Bras SH9239 |
| bre nf | hill | Pen-bre SN4201 Moelfre SH5186 |
| brenin nm | king | Rhodiad-y-brenin SM7627 Plas y Brenin SH7157 |
| brest nf | hill-breast | Brest Cwm-Llwyd SN7019 Brestbaily SN9838 |
| brith adj braith f | speckled; coarse | Brithdir SH7719 Pontllan-fraith ST1896 |
| briw nm (adj) | broken, shattered | Briwnant SH8402 Carn Briw SN0537 |
| bro nf | region; vale, lowland | Llanbedr-y-fro ST0876 Rhyd-y-fro SN7105 |
| bron nf bronnydd pl | hill-breast (breast) | Bronydd SO2245 Brongest SN3245 |
| brwynen nf brwyn pl | rush | Brwynen SJ0321 Cwmbrwyn SN2512 |
| brwynog nf | place of rushes, marsh | Brwynog SH7564 Brwynog SH3586 |
| brych adj brech f | speckled | Brechfa SN5230 Llanfrechfa ST3193 |
| bryn nm bryniau pl | hill | Bryn-berian SN1035 Llanbryn-mair SH8902 |
| bryncyn nm | hillock | Bryncyn-felen SJ2019 Bryncyn-hydfa SH3847 |
| buarth nm buarthau pl | farm-yard; pen | Buarth Berran SH5764 Buarth y Caerau SO0713 |
| buches nf | milking-fold (herd) | Buches y Foelortho SJ0421 Fuches SN8489 |
| budr adj | dirty, mucky | Nant Budr SH7435 Rhyd-fudr SN6567 |
| bugail nm bugelydd, bugeiliaid pl | shepherd | Bugeildy SO1979 Tafarn-y-Bugail SN2546 |
| bustach nm bustych pl | bullock | Nant y Bustach SN8153 Cwm Bustach SH8502 |
| buwch nf buchod; (gwartheg) pl | cow; cattle | Cas-fuwch SN0229 Cwm y Fuwch SS9490 |
| bwbach nm | bogey, goblin | Allt y Bwbach SN4528 Bryn Bwbach SH6236 |
| bwch nm | buck | Castell-y-bwch ST2792 Craig-y-bwch SH6414 |
| bwla nm | bull | Nantybwla SN3821 Alltybwla SN2642 |
| bwlch nm bylchau pl | gap, pass | Bwlch-y-groes SN2436 Tan-y-bwlch SH6540 |
| bwrdd nm | table | Bwrdd Arthur SH9667 Bwrdd y Rhyfel SJ1475 |
| bychan adj bechan f, bychain pl | little, tiny | Morfa Bychan SH5437 Llanfairfechan SH6874 |
| byr adj ber f | short | Byrgoed SH9837 Byrgwm SO2303 |
| caban nm | cottage, cabin | Caban-coch SN9163 Caban SH3938 |
| cadair nf | seat, stronghold | Cadair SJ0060 Penacader SN4436 |
| cadarn adj | strong, powerful | Crucadarn SO0942 Twyn Cerrig-cadarn SN9438 |
| cadno nm | fox | Carreg Cadno SN8715 Clo Cadno SO1116 |
| cadw nm | preserve, spinney | Maes-cadw SJ0147 Coed Cadw SH5978 |
| cae nm caeau pl | field, enclosure | Pen-y-cae SJ2845 Rhes-y-cae SJ1870 |
| caer nf caerau pl | stronghold, fort | Caernarfon SH4862 Caerdydd ST1876 |
| caeth adj & nm/f, caith pl | captive | Cricieth SH5038 Caethle SN6099 |
| cafn nm | ferry-boat | Tal-y-cafn SH7871 Nant-y-cafn SN8107 |
| cain adj | fine, fair, beautiful; ridge | Cilcain SJ1765 Pistyll Cain SH7327 |
| calch nm | lime, chalk | Pen Cerrig-calch SO2122 Twyn Calch ST2699 |
| caled adj & nm | hard | Sarn-y-bryn-caled SJ2105 Cae Caled SH4069 |
| cam adj | crooked, bent | Pengam ST1597 Camros SM9220 |
| camfa nf | stile | Nant Maes y gamfa SH8112 Camfa Derw SH6744 |
| canol nm | middle | Y Felin Ganol SM8025 Tircanol SS6798 |
| cantref nm | hundred (territorial division) | Cantref SO0525 Cantref ST2815 |
| capel nm | chapel | Capel Curig SH7258 Capel Bangor SN6580 |
| carn nf carnau pl | heap of stones, tumulus | Pen-y-garn SN5731 Aber-carn SN5731 |
| carnedd nf/m, carneddau, carneddi | heap of stones, tumulus | Penygarnedd SJ1023 Bryncarnedd SN6082 |
| carreg nf cerrig pl | stone, rock | Llanbadarn y Garreg SO1148 Cerrigceinwen SH4273 |
| carrog nf | torrent, fast-flowing stream | Carrog SH7647 Dolgarrog SH7767 |
| carrog nf | brook | Carrog SJ1143 Carrog SH7647 |
| carw nm | stag | Gallt-y-carw SH7521 Cilcarw SN4912 |
| cas nm | castle | Cas-bach ST2583 Croes Cas-lai SM9125 |
| caseg nf cesig pl | mare | Afon Caseg SH6566 Llyn Caseg-fraith SH6758 |
| castell nm cestyll pl | castle; small stronghold; fortified residence | Castell Nedd SS7597 Castell-Paen SO1646 |
| cath nf | cat | Carreg-y-gath SH5765 Rhyd-y-gath SN2131 |
| cau adj | hollow; enclosed | Caubwll SJ0171 Cwm Cou SN6264 |
| cawl nm | sea-kale (soup) | Porthcawl SS8277 Heol-y-cawl ST0887 |
| cawr nm -es f ceiri, cewri pl | giant | Castell Cawr SH9376 Barclodiad y Gawres SH3270 |
| caws nm | cheese | Nant-y-caws SN4518 Cerrig Caws SH9556 |
| ceffyl nm ceffylau pI | horse | Bryn Ceffyl SH7837 Allt y Ceffylau SH6747 |
| cefn nm cefnydd pI | ridge | Cefn-brith SH9350 Cefn-coch SJ1351 |
| cefnen nf | ridge | Cefnen SH8776 Cefnen Wen SH8854 |
| cegid np | hemlock | Cegidfa SJ2211 Bryniau Ystumcegid SH5041 |
| cegin nf | kitchen | Abercegin SH5972 Gegin SJ2752 |
| cegyr np | hemlock | Cwm-cegyr SO2517 Dolycegyr SN9054 |
| cei nm | quay | Ceinewydd SN3859 Cei Ystagbwll SR9995 |
| ceiliog nm | cock | Caergeiliog SH3078 Croesyceiliog SN4016 |
| ceirch, cyrch nm | oats | Bryn-ceirch SN4739 Cae-ceirch SH7719 |
| ceisiad nm ceisiaid pl | bailiff | Nant-y-ceisiad ST2089 Llain Ceisiad SN1728 |
| cell nf celloedd, cellau pl | cell | Gell-fain SN8432 Dolgellau SH7217 |
| celli nf | grove | Y Gelli Gandryll SO2242 Pencelli SO0925 |
| celynnen nf celyn pl | holly tree | Llwyncelyn SN4459 Trecelyn ST2197 |
| celynnog, clynnog nf | holly grove | Clynnog SH4149 Ffridd Celynnog SH8019 |
| cemais, (cemaes) nm from np | bend in river or coastline | Cemaes SH3693 Cemais Comawndwr SO3404 |
| cennin np | leeks | Llanbedrycennin SH7569 Cilcennin SN5260 |
| cerddinen, cerdinen nf cerddin, cerdin pl | mountain-ash | Blaencerdinfach SN3748 Bryn-Cerdin SN3848 |
| cerwyn nf | vat, pot-hole | Foel Cwmcerwyn SN0931 Cwmcerwyn SS8390 |
| cesail nf | hollow | Cesailgwm SH6921 Coed y Gesail SH8210 |
| cest nf | belly, swelling | Porth-y-gest SH5637 Brongest SN3245 |
| ceulan nf | river bank | Cwm Ceulan SN7090 Fforch Ceulan SN7520 |
| ceunant nm | ravine, gorge | Pen-y-ceunant SJ0823 Mynydd Ty’n-y-ceunant SH7308 |
| ch- | A word starting ch may be a mutated form of a word starting c | |
| chwaen nf | piece of land, breezy, windy place | Chwaen Bach SH3983 Chwaen-wen SH3682 |
| chwilog nf | land infested with beetles | Chwilog SH4338 Chwilog Fawr SH4438 |
| ci nm cŵn pI | dog | Tre-cŵn SM9632 Carnedd y Ci SJ0534 |
| cigfran nf cigfrain pl | raven | Craig Nyth-y-gigfran SH6845 Cwmgigfran SN4519 |
| cil nm ciliau pl | retreat, recess, corner | Llanycil SH9134 Ciliau Aeron SN5058 |
| cilfach nf | nook | Gilfachreda SN4058 Y Gilfach-goch SS9889 |
| cist nf | chest | Cist Cerrig SH5438 Gist Wen SO0621 |
| cistfaen nm | stone-chest | Cistfaen SN8677 Cistfaen SH9938 |
| clafdy nm | hospital | Clafdy SH3569 Rhyd-y-clafdy SH3234 |
| clawdd nm cloddiau pl | ditch, hedge | Penclawdd SS5495 Clawddnewydd SJ0852 |
| clegyr nm | rock, cliff | Clegyr-mawr SJ0549 Penclegyr SM7629 |
| clip nm -iau pl | precipice, crag, steep slope | Clip SH6532 Clipiau SH4146 |
| cloch nf | bell | Maenclochog SN0827 Clochfaen SN9078 |
| clochydd nm | sexton, parish clerk | Dôl-y-clochydd SH7321 Bryn-y-clochydd SH8760 |
| clog nf clogau pl | crag, precipice | Clogfryn SN4462 Carn Pen-y-clogau SN7118 |
| clogwyn nm | precipice, steep rock hanging on one side | Clogwyn SH7217 Clogwynygarreg SH5553 |
| clos nm | yard before a house | Clos SN1840 Closglas SN6424 |
| clun nm | meadow, moor | Clunderwen SN1219 Cluncoch SN3732 |
| clwt, clwtyn nm, clytiau pl | patch | Clwt-y-bont SH5762 Clwt SJ3245 |
| clwyd nf clwydydd pl | hurdle, gate | Clwydygraig SO1624 Pentreclwydau SN8405 |
| clyd adj | sheltered | Cwm-clyd SN6273 Lletty-clyd SN2737 |
| cnap, cnepyn nm | top, summit of hill, short sharp ascent | Pen-y-cnap SN5121 Bryn-cnap SH9465 |
| cnol nf | hillock, knoll | Twyn-y-gnol ST2296 Cnol Wen SN8260 |
| cnwc nm | hillock | Cefn Cnwc SN7759 Pencnwc SN2222 |
| cnwch nm | hillock | Cnwch-coch SN6775 Cefn Cnwcheithinog SN7549 |
| coc, cocyn nm cociau pl | tump, hillock | Bryn-cocyn SH9968 Ffridd Cocyn SH6204 |
| coch adj cochion pl | red | Penrhyn-coch SN6484 Bryn-coch SS7499 |
| coeden nf coed pl | tree | Coed-elái ST0185 Coed-duon ST1797 |
| coedlan nf | copse, coppice, woodland glade, grove | Coedlannau SN4648 Llannerch Coedlan SO0940 |
| coetan nf | quoit | Carreg Coetan SN0639 Coetan Arthur SH3981 |
| coetgae nm | woodfield, field recovered from forest; palisaded enclosure | Coetgae Du SO0316 Panwaun Pen-y-coetgae SN9000 |
| collen nf cyll, coll pl | hazel | Cwrt y Gollen SO2317 Cyll SN9788 |
| colomen nf | dove | Colomendy SJ3045 Moel Golomen SN7087 |
| colomennod pl | ||
| colwyn nm | whelp | Bae Colwyn SH8678 Tregolwyn SS9475 |
| comin nm comins pl | common | Comins-coch SN6182 Comin-y-garth SN9854 |
| congl nf | corner | Congl-y-cae SH2133 Gongl-gam SH3471 |
| copa nf | crest, summit | Copa Ceiliog SH8748 Copa Shôn SN7899 |
| cored nf | weir | Pant-y-cored SO0432 Gored Goch SH5471 |
| corlan nf | sheep-fold | Corlan Fraith SH6300 Corlannau SS7690 |
| corn nf | stall, crib | Llanfihangel Rhos-y-corn SN5534 Corn y Fan SN9835 |
| cornant nf | brook | Pantycornant SS9688 Cornant SN4952 |
| cornel nf | corner | Plas-yn-cornel SH9366 Pwllcornel SN3742 |
| coron nf | crown | Goron SO1094 Goron-ddu SO1896 |
| cors nf | corsydd pl bog | Llan-gors SO1327 Y Gors-las SN5713 |
| craf nm | garlic | Aber-craf SN8112 Crafnant SH6129 |
| craig nf | creigiau pl rock | Craig-y-nos SN8415 Graig SH8074 |
| crau nm | piggery, sty; stronghold | Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn SN6676 Pont Creuddyn SN5552 |
| criafolen nf criafol pl | mountain-ash | Waun y Griafolen SH8129 Pant-y-griafolen SH9149 |
| crib nf cribau pl | crest, summit | Cribyn SN5251 Cefn Crib SO2300 |
| crin adj | withered | Cefn-crin SO0272 Cringoed SH8801 |
| crochan nm | cauldron | Foel Crochan SH7610 Maes-y-crochan ST2383 |
| croes nf | cross | Pen-y-groes SN5813 Tŷ-croes SH3472 |
| croesffordd, croesheol, croeslon nf | cross-roads | Groesffordd SO0728 Ty’n-y-groesffordd SJ1359 |
| crof nf, crofau pl | crof | Grof SH8104 Bryn-y-crofau SN7463 |
| crug nm crugiau pl | heap, tump | Crug-y-bar SN6537 Yr Wyddgrug SJ2363 |
| crwm adj | crooked, bent | Crymlyn ST2198 Crymych SN1833 |
| crwth nm | tump, hillock | Cwmcrwth SN5724 Llwyn y Crwth SJ2000 |
| cul adj | narrow | Cefn Cul SN8618 Esgair Gul SN8856 |
| cut nm cutiau pl | shed, sty | Cutiau SH6317 Ffynnon Cut-y-geifr SH9833 |
| cwar nm cwarrau pI | quarry | Pen y Cwar SN6308 Cwarrau-mawr ST1489 |
| cwm nm cymau, cymoedd pl | valley, dale | Cwmcewydd SH8713 Cwmaman ST0099 |
| cwmwd nm | commote (territorial division) | Mynydd Tir-y-cwmwd SH3230 Cefn Cwmwd SH4374 |
| cŵn (see ci) | ||
| cwrn nm cyrn, cyrnau pl | stack, peak, point | Pencyrn ST0077 Trecyrn SN2426 |
| cwrt nm | court, yard | Cwrtnewydd SN4847 Cwrt Henry SN5522 |
| cwrw nm | ale | Pwll-y-cwrw SO0935 Bryn Cwrw SN0007 |
| cyff, cyffyll nm | stock, stump | Y Gyffylliog SJ0557 Pont Rhyd-y-cyff SS8789 |
| cyffin nm | boundary, frontier | Gyffin SH7776 Penisacyffin SJ0513 |
| cyfrwy nm | ridge between two summits (saddle) | Pen y Cyfrwy SM7524 Carn Gyfrwy SN1432 |
| cyfylchi nf | circular fortress | Gyfylchi SS8195 Dwygyfylchi SH7377 |
| cyfyng adj | narrow strait | Cyfyng SH7753 Pont Gyfyng SH5245 |
| cyll (see collen) | ||
| cymer nm cymerau pl | confluence | Rhydcymerau SN5738 Pentrellyncymer SH9752 |
| cythraul nm | devil | Craig y Cythraul SJ2347 Cadair y Cythraul SH3964 |
| cytir nm | common | Cytir SH8715 Cytir-bach SN2449 |
| d- | A word starting d may be a mutated form of a word starting t | |
| dafad nf defaid pl | sheep | Carreg y Ddafad SN2751 Pantyddafad SN6768 |
| dafadfa nf | sheep-fold | Dafadfa-isaf SN6821 Dafadfa Uchaf SN6921 |
| daIfa nf | pound | Ddalfa SN8931 Cors y Ddalfa SH4147 |
| dan (see tan) | ||
| dâr nf deri pl | oak | Aberdâr SO0002 Bwlch-y-ddâr SJ1622 |
| das (see tas) | ||
| dau num dwy f | two | Aberdauddwr SN6954 Bryn-ddwy-nant SO2035 |
| dd- | A word starting dd may be a mutated form of a word starting d | |
| deilen nf dail pl | leaf | Tir-y-dail SN6212 Castell y Dail SO0989 |
| delw nf | image | Carnedd y Ddelw SH7070 Craig y Ddelw SS9298 |
| deon nm | dean | Caerdeon SH6518 Cae’r Deon SH3385 |
| derlwyn nm | oak-grove | Carregyderlwyn SN8070 Cefn Derlwyn SO9347 |
| derwen nf derw pl | oak | Derwen-las SN7299 Derwen-gam SN4558 |
| dibyn nm | steep slope, precipice | Dibyn Du SN7965 Cwm Pont-bren Dibyn SH8800 |
| diffwys nm | precipice, abyss | Diffwys SJ0257 Llechwedd Diffwys SH8915 |
| din nm | hill-fortress | Dinbych SJ0566 Caerfyrddin SN4120 |
| dinas nm/f | hill-fortress; city | Dinas Dinlle SH4356 Pendinas SJ2251 |
| diserth nm | hermitage | Diserth SJ0579 Dyserth SJ0579 |
| disgwylfa nf | place of observation, look-out point | Twyn Disgwylfa SN9531 Disgwylfa SN5009 |
| dôl nf dolau, dolydd pl | meadow | Dolbenmaen SH5043 Dôl-y-bont SN6288 |
| dorglwyd (see torglwyd) | ||
| draenen nf drain pl | thorn | Draenen Pen-y-graig ST1783 Ffynnon-ddrain SN4021 |
| draenllwyn nm | thorn-bush | Draenllwyn-du SN7051 Esgair Draenllwyn SN9294 |
| draw adj | yonder | Heol-draw SO1820 Pen-draw SH5561 |
| dreiniog adj | thorny | Bryndreiniog SJ0825 Domen Ddreiniog SH5903 |
| drud nm drudion pl | hero, fighter | Cerrigydrudion SH9548 Cerrig Drudion SN6250 |
| drum (see trum) | ||
| drws nm | gap, narrow pass (door) | Drws Gwyn SH7959 Drws-y-coed SH5453 |
| dryll nm | small piece of land | Y Gelligandryll SO2242 Dryll SJ2646 |
| dryslwyn nm | bramble bush | Dryslwyn SN5520 Dryslwyn SN6242 |
| du adj duon pl | black, dark | Dulais SS6190 Ynys-ddu ST1892 |
| dwfn, dyfn adj dofn f | deep | Dyfnant SO0260 Wernddofn SN2136 |
| dwfr, dŵr nm | water | Erw-ddwfr SH7232 Llwyn-dwfr SN1023 |
| dyffryn nm | valley | Dyffryn SS8593 Llanbedr Dyffryn Ceiriog SJ1459 |
| dylif nm | flood, deluge, torrent | Dylife SN8694 Afon Dylif SH6144 |
| dylluan (see tylluan) | ||
| -dyn | fortified enclosure | Taltreuddyn SH5825 Nant Creuddyn SN5550 |
| dyrys adj | wild, rough | Cefndyrys SO0473 Fronddyrys SO1559 |
| ebol nm ebolion pl | colt | Crug-ebolion SN2631 Llwynyrebol SN1326 |
| efail (see gefail) | ||
| efwr nm | cow-parsnip; yew | Cyll Efwr SN3919 Dinefwr SN6122 |
| eglwys nf | church | Yr Eglwys Newydd ST1580 Cwm-yr-eglwys SN0140 |
| eiddew nm | ivy | Moel Eiddew SH8605 Llyn Eiddew-bach SH6434 |
| eira nm | snow | Nant-yr-eira SH6808 Maeneira SH7267 |
| eisingrug nm | heap of bran or corn husks | Eisingrug (Singrug) SH6134 Afon Eisingrug SH6234 |
| eisteddfa nf | seat, resting, place | Eisteddfa SN799841 Cripiau Eisteddfa-fach SN8084 |
| eisteddfod nf | meeting-place, assembly | Bryn Eisteddfod SH8076 Eisteddfod SJ2452 |
| eithin np | furze | Talcen Eithin SH8343 Tir-eithin SS9781 |
| eithinog nf | furze patch, gorse land | Twyn Eithinog SN8009 Bryn Eithinog SN7866 |
| elor nf | bier | Bwlch-y-ddwy-elor SH5550 Elorgarreg SH9653 |
| eos nf | nightingale | Bryn-yr-Eos SJ2840 Cileos SJ0825 |
| ergyd nm/f | cast; projecting spur of land | Ergyd Isaf SS7988 Ergyd Uchaf SS8088 |
| erw nf erwau pl | acre | Croes-erw SS8795 Erw Barfau SN7578 |
| eryr nm | eagle | Gartheryr SJ1623 Foel Eryr SN0631 |
| esgair nf | long ridge | Esgairgeiliog SO7506 Pant-yr-esgair SN6431 |
| esgob nm | bishop | Plas-yr-Esgob SJ1061 Pigyn Esgob SH7651 |
| esgyrn (see asgwrn) | ||
| ewig nf | hire | Rhyd Yr Ewig SH9343 Gwern-yr-ewig SH9631 |
| f- | A word starting f may be a mutated form of a word starting b or m | |
| -fa (see ma) | ||
| ffald nf ffaldau pl | sheep-fold, pound, pen, run | Bancyn-ffald SM6922 Carn-ffald SM7528 |
| ffarm (see fferm) | ||
| ffawydden nf ffawydd pl | beech tree | Ffawydden SO2525 Twyn y Fidffawydd SO1102 |
| ffawyddog nf | beech grove | Ffawyddog SS9189 Ffawyddog SO2018 |
| fferm nf | farm | Fferm-y-Capel SN1529 Fferm Felinfach SN5646 |
| ffin nf | boundary | Ffos-y-ffin SN4460 Ffinnant SN9791 |
| fforch nf | bifurcation of streams, fork, shape of fields, etc | Fforch Ceulan SN7520 Cilfforch SN4461 |
| ffordd nf | way, road | Banc-y-ffordd SN4037 Pen-y-ffordd SJ3061 |
| fforest nf | forest, park | Fforest-fach ST6296 Trefforest ST0888 |
| ffridd, ffrith nf, ffriddoedd pl | wood; mountain enclosure, sheep walk | Bwlch-y-ffridd SO0695 Ty’n-y-ffridd SJ1130 |
| ffrwd nf | stream, torrent | Gwenffrwd SO5306 Ffrwd-grech SO0227 |
| ffwrnais, ffwrnes nf | furnace | Ffwrnais SN6895 Craig Ffwrnais ST2495 |
| ffynnon nf, ffynhonnau pl | spring, well | Gwarffynnon SN5750 Llwynffynnon SN4038 |
| fry pr | above | Neuadd-fry SO1622 Ty-fry ST4397 |
| g- | A word starting g may be a mutated form of a word starting c | |
| gafl nf geifl pl | fork | Bwlch yr Eifl SH3645 Yr Eifl SH3644 |
| gafr nf geifr pl | goat | Corngafr SN2722 Cae’r-geifr SH1628 |
| gallt (see allt) | ||
| gardd nf gerddi, garddau pl | garden; enclosure | Yr Ardd-lîn SJ2615 Ardderfin SN3215 |
| garth nm | promontory, hill, enclosure | Llanfihangel-ar-arth SN4539 Penarth ST1871 |
| garw adj | coarse, rough | Blaengarw SS9092 Bryn Garw SN8077 |
| gast nf | bitch | Cefngast SN9147 Cwm Gast SH8509 |
| gefail, efail nf | smithy | Cefn-y-gefail SN7838 Efail-newydd SH3535 |
| geirw np | rush of waters, waterfall | Pont Aber-Geirw SH7629 Geirw SN7727 |
| genau nm | pass, opening of a valley | Llanfihangel Genau’r-glyn SN6286 Coedgenau SN9933 |
| glais, nm/f | brook | Y Glais SN7000 Dulais SS6190 |
| glan nf | river-bank, hillock | Glan-Clwyd SJ0573 Glan Adda SH5770 |
| glas adj gleision pl | green | Glasallt-fawr SN7330 Bryn Glas SJ0877 |
| glo nm | charcoal, coal | Nant-y-glo SO1910 Cwm-y-glo SH5562 |
| glyn nm | deep valley, glen | Glyn-hir SN6415 Llanfihangel Glyn Myfyr SH9949 |
| godre nm | edge or foot of hill | Godre’r-graig SN7507 Godreaman SO0100 |
| gof nm | smith | Rhyd-y-gof-isaf SN5552 Bron-y-gof SJ0856 |
| gofer nm | rill, overflow of a well | Gofer SH8472 Blaengofer SN3425 |
| gogof (see ogof) | ||
| golau adj | light, bright | Alltgolau SN5125 Wernolau SN3617 |
| gorffwysfa nf | resting place | Pengorffwysfa SH4692 Gorffwysfa SH2131 |
| goror nm/f gororau, gororion pl | boundary | Gororion SN8773 Oror SJ0847 |
| gorsedd nf | tumulus, barrow, hillock | Gorsedd SJ1576 Yr Orsedd SJ3657 |
| graean nm | gravel | Graeanryd SJ2156 Bwlch y Graean SN3049 |
| gris nm grisiau pl | step | Tanygrisiau SH6845 Esgair Gris SN8868 |
| gro nm/f | gravel; gravel hill | Gronant SJ0983 Ro-wen SH7571 |
| grof nf grofau pl | crof | Grof SH8104 Cefn Rof SJ0049 |
| grug nm | heath, heather | Cefn-y-grug SO1664 Grugfryn SH8273 |
| grwn nm | ridge between two furrows, ridge in a field | Grwnamlwg SJ1515 Grwn-oer SJ0218 |
| gwaelod nm | foot of hill, bottom | Gwaelod-y-garth ST1183 Gwaelod SJ1416 |
| gwair nm | hay | Llwyngwair SN0739 Pant-y-gwair SN6067 |
| gwal nf gwaliau pl | wall | Rhos-y-gwaliau SH9434 Bryn-y-gwalia SJ1924 |
| gwâl nf | lair | Gwal y Filiast SN1725 Gwal-yr-hwch SN5807 |
| gwar nf | ridge (nape of neck) | Gwar-y-felin SN9335 Gwarallt SN5458 |
| gwartheg np | cows, cattle | Cors y Gwartheg-llwydion SH8032 Dolgwartheg SN4661 |
| gwas nm | youth, servant | Bryn-gwas SS5493 Ynysygwas SS7891 |
| gwastad nm | plain | Gwastadannas SH6553 Gwastad-mawr ST2989 |
| gwastad adj | flat | Gwastad SO2305 Gwastadfryn SH6709 |
| gwaun nf gweunydd pl | moor, mountain meadow, moor-land field | Waunarlwydd SS6095 Abergwaun SM9537 |
| gwden nf | willow-tree, reeds | Glangwden SN9688 Dolgwden SN9589 |
| gweirglodd nf | hay-field, meadow | Gweirglodd-gilfach SH8926, Nantyweirglodd SN2332 |
| gwely nm | bed, resting-place, family land | Gwely’r Misgl SS7880 Pen y Gwely SJ2133 |
| gwen (see gwyn) | ||
| gwenith nm | wheat | Bryngwenith SS9682 Dolgwenith SN9887 |
| gwerdd (see gwyrdd) | ||
| gwerfa nf | cool spot on mountain side where cattle or sheep seek shade | Werfa SS9194 Bwlch y Werfa SS9283 |
| gwern, gwernog nf | place where alders grow, swamp | Cilgwern SO2414 Pengwern SJ0176 |
| gwernen nf gwern pl | alder tree | Gwernaffield SJ2064 Gwernymynydd SJ2162 |
| gwiber nf | viper | Carregwiber SO0859 Allt y wiber SN4628 |
| gwig nf gwigau pl | grove, wood | Melin-y-wig SJ0348 Cefn-wig SN4761 |
| gwinllan nf | grove (vineyard) | Marianywinllan SH6270 Winllan SJ2121 |
| gwlad nf | region | Coed-y-wlad SJ2209 Cors-y-wlad SH4447 |
| gwlyb adj gwleb f | wet | Gwlybycoed SH4689 Gelli-wlyb SN8824 |
| gwndwn (see gwyndwn) | ||
| gwrach nf | hag, witch | Rhyd-y-wrach SN1619 Blaen-gwrach SN8605 |
| gwreiddyn, gwraidd nm gwreiddiau pl | root | Gwreiddyn SH9474 Gwreiddiau SJ0419 |
| gwrych nm | (quickset) hedge | Gwrych Bedw SJ1048 Hen Wrych SH9278 |
| gwryd nm | fathom | Llangwryd-isaf SJ2337 Nantygwryd SH6856 |
| gwter (see cwter) | ||
| Gwyddel nm Gwyddyl, Gwyddelod pl | Irishman | Gwyddel SH1425 Gwyddelwern SJ0746 |
| gwydden, gwŷdd nf pl | tree | Llyn y Grinwydden SJ0206 Glanwydden SH8180 |
| gwyddfa nf | mound, tumulus | Yr Wyddfa SH6054 Graig Trewyddfa SS6697 |
| gwylfa nf | look-out point | Gwylfa Hiraethog SH9459 Foel Wylfa SJ1933 |
| gwyn adj, gwen f, gwynion pl | white | Gaerwen SH4871 Bron-gwyn SN2843 |
| gwyndwn, gwndwn mn | grassland, lea | Gwndwn SN4737 Gwndwngwyn SM9027 |
| gwynt nm | wind | Tre-gwynt SJ0306 Moel y Gwynt SS8598 |
| gwyrdd adj gwerdd f, gwyrddion pl | green | Dolaugwyrddon SN5546 Dolwerdd SN4924 |
| gyrfa nf | racecourse | Llannerch-yrfa SN8355 Pant-yr-yrfa ST2593 |
| hafn nf | gorge, ravine | Maeshafn SJ2060 Yr Hafnau SH9738 |
| hafod nf | summer dwelling | Nant-yr-hafod SN8791 Hafod-dywyll SH6815 |
| hafoty nm | summer dwelling | Hafoty SH8365 Hafoty’r Bwlch SH9116 |
| haidd nm | barley | Maes-yr-haidd SN5630 Nant-yr-haidd SN9366 |
| halog adj | dirty, muddy | Rhydhalog ST0279 Pwllhalog SJ0877 |
| hardd adj | fine, fair | Pentre-hardd SN5907 Harlech SH5831 |
| haul nm | sun | Bolahaul SN4218 Bron Haul SH9669 |
| hebog nm/f | hawk | Moel Hebog SH5646 Mynydd Pwllyrhebog SS9691 |
| helfa nf | hunting-ground | Dolhelfa SN9273 Helfa SH5857 |
| heli nm | brine | Y Felinheli SH5267 Pwllheli SH3735 |
| helygen nf helyg pl | willow | Llanfihangel Helygen SO0464 Brynhelygen ST0578 |
| hen adj | old | Brynhenllan SN0039 Hendy-gwyn ar daf SN2016 |
| hendre (f) nf | winter dwelling, old home, permanent abode | Capel Hendre SN5911 Hendre SJ1967 |
| heol, hewl nf | street, road | Heol-las SS6998 Heol-y-cyw SS9484 |
| hesgen nf hesg pl | rush | Cwm-hesgen SH7829 Nant Hesgog SN9168 |
| hesgyn nm | bog | Penhesgyn SH5374 Ffridd Cwmhesgyn SH8742 |
| hir adj | long | Ynys-hir ST0292 Pont-hir ST3292 |
| hwch nf | sow, swine | Stryt-yr-hwch SJ3346 Gorsyrhwch SN6633 |
| hwnt adj | yonder | Pentrehwnt SS9275 Tu-hwnt-i’r-afon SH8167 |
| hwrdd nm hyrddod pl | ram | Cornhwrdd SN5402 Llwyn-yr-hwrdd SN2232 |
| hydd nm hyddod pl | stag | Moel-yr-hydd SH6745 Penhydd Fawr SS8093 |
| iet nf | gate | Iet-y-bwlch SN1628 Bwlch-yr-iet SN3021 |
| is pr | below, lower | Bangor Is-coed SJ3945 Is-afon SH9131 |
| isa(f) adj | lowest | Penisa’r-waun SH5563 Llangwryd-isaf SJ2337 |
| isel adj | low | Nant Ffriddisel SJ1241 Ffynnon Isel SJ0421 |
| iwrch nm iyrchod pl | roebuck | Nantiwrch SN7039 Pwlliwrch SH8301 |
| l- | A word starting l may be a mutated form of a word starting ll | |
| lawnt, lawnd nf | open space in woodland, glade | Lawnt SJ0412 Lawnt SJ0465 |
| llaeth nm | milk | Llaethbwlch SJ1116 Wernllaeth SN5165 |
| llaethdy nm | milk-house, dairy | Blaenllaethdy SN0924 Pantllaethdy SN4942 |
| llain nf lleiniau pl | narrow strip of land | Llainfachwen SH5649 Llain-lwyd SN2818 |
| llam nm | leap | Llam Carw SH4593 Llam-march SO2111 |
| llan nf | church, monastery | Llandudno SH7881 Llanelli SN5000 |
| llannerch nf | clearing, glade | Llannerch-y-medd SH4184, Rhosllannerchrugog SJ2946 |
| llawr nm | level area, floor of valley | Llawr-y-glyn SN9391 Llawr-y-cwm-bach SN7185 |
| lle nm | place, position | Lle’r Gaer ST0587 Lle’r-neuaddau SN7584 |
| llech nf llechau pl | slab, stone, rock | Benllech SH5182 Harlech SH5831 |
| llechwedd nf | hillside | Cwmllechwedd SO1375 Llechwedd SH9512 |
| lled nm & pr | breadth; rather, almost, partly | Lledfron SJ1120 Llednant SN9054 |
| lleian nf | nun | Llanlleiana SH3894 Llan Lleian-wen SS6799 |
| llethr nf | slope | Llethr SO0776 Esgair Llethr SN7254 |
| llety nm | small abode, quarters | Bron-llety-Ifan SH6312 Cefn-Pen-llety SJ0336 |
| llidiard, llidiart nm, >llidiardau, llidiartau pl | gate | Llidiart-cae-hir SJ1430 Llidiardau SN6374 |
| llin nm/f | flax | Pant Llin Bach SH8163 Bryn-llin-fawr SH7729 |
| llo nm lloi pl | calf | Nant Cwm-lloi SH9526 Nant-llo SN3452 |
| lloc nm | fold | Lloc SJ1476 Lloc SH5861 |
| llof nf | high place (lof) | Llof-y-bardd SN8953 Llofyddgleision SN9371 |
| lluest nm | shieling, cottage, hut | Lluest SH9708 Lluest-wen SS8489 |
| llwch nm llychau pl | lake; dust | Amlwch SH4493 Talyllychau SN6332 |
| llwm adj lom f | bare, exposed | Cwm-llwm SH9962 Grinllwm SH7762 |
| llwybr nm | path | Llwybr-hir SJ1275 Penllwybr SN4057 |
| llwyd adj llwydion pl | grey, brown; holy | Pentre Llwyn-llwyd SN9654 Braich Llwyd SH6654 |
| llwyfen nf llwyf pl | elm | Aberllefenni SH7709 Llwyfen SO1521 |
| llwyn nm llwyni, llwynau pl | grove, bush | Llwyngwril SH5909 Llwyndyrys SH3741 |
| llwynog nm | fox | Cwmllwynog SJ0706 Trwyn Llwynog SM8634 |
| llydan adj | broad | Carreglydan SH3271 Cefn-llydan SO0696 |
| llygad nm | source of river or stream (eye) | Llygad-y-cleddau SM9733 Llyn Llygad Rheidol SN7987 |
| llygoden nf llygod pl | mouse | Heol Llygoden SO1729 Tre-pys-llygod SH8868 |
| llym adj llem f | sharp, acute | Carreg Blaen-Llym SH6643 Carreg Lem SN8017 |
| llyn nm/f | lake | Maes-llyn SN3644 Crymlyn ST2198 |
| llynwyn nm | pool, puddle; moat | Bryn Llynwyn-ddwr SS9099 Llynwyn Glas SS9894 |
| llys nm/f | court, hall | Henllys ST2693 Llys-y-frân SN0424 |
| lôn nf | lane, road | Lôn-las SH4240 Lôn SO0267 |
| m- | A word starting m may be a mutated form of a word starting b | |
| ma-, -fa nf | plain, place | Machynlleth SH7400 Gabalfa ST1678 |
| mab nm meibion pl | son | Nantymab SN5322 Moel y Mab SJ2405 |
| maen nm meini, main pl | stone | Rhyd-y-main SH8022 Pont-faen SN9934 |
| maenol nf | stone-built residence of chiefain of district; manor | Maenol SN9583 Faenol-Broper SJ0174 |
| maerdre(f) nf | lord’s demesne | Llanilltud Faerdref ST0886 Gwaralltyfaerdre SN4349 |
| maerdy nm | steward’s house, dairy | Y Maerdy SS9798 Y Maerdy SJ3015 |
| maes nm meysydd pl | open field, plain | Maes-glas ST3086 Maes-teg SS8591 |
| magwyr nf | (dry) stone wall, hedge; ruin | Magwyr ST4287 Clwydyfagwyr SO0206 |
| maharen nm, meheryn pl | ram, wether | Gellifaharen SN4143 Rhosmeheryn SN8971 |
| main adj | thin, narrow | Gell-fain SN8432 Bylchau Rhos-fain SN7517 |
| main (see maen) | ||
| march nm meirch pl | horse, stallion | Rhos-meirch SH4677 Drenewydd Gelli-farch ST4793 |
| marchog nm | knight, horseman | Felindre Farchog SN1039 Marchogdir SN8826 |
| marian nm | holm, gravel, gravelly ground, rock debris | Marian-glas SH5084 Marian Prysau SJ1274 |
| marl nm | marl, chalky clay | Parc-y-marl SN0424 Gwern-y-marl SJ2268 |
| mawn nm | peat | Rhos-y-mawn SH8566 Waun Mawn SN0834 |
| mawnog nf | peat-bog | Mawnog SN7994 Pen Bryn-y-fawnog SH9527 |
| mawr adj | big, great | Llanbadarn Fawr SN6080 Waunfawr SH5359 |
| medd nm | mead | Nant-y-medd SN6150 Llanerchymedd SH4184 |
| meillionen nf meillion pl | clover | Cwm Meillionen SH5648 Maes-meillion |
| melin nf | mill | Felin-fach SN5255 Melin-coed SH8160 |
| melindref nf | mill-town | Felindre SO1836 Felindre SN7027 |
| melyn adj melen f | yellow | Trefelen SN0721 Melynllyn SH7065 |
| menyn, ymenyn nm | butter | Brynmenyn SS9084 Dolmenyn SN9649 |
| merch nf | daughter | Afon Merch SH6352 Crugiau Merched SN7245 |
| merddwr nm, merched pl | stagnant water | Merddwr SH8950 Banc y Merddwr SH8335 |
| merllyn nm | stagnant pool | Merllyn SJ2668 Merllyn SJ1356 |
| merthyr nm | burial place, church | Merthyr Tudful SO0506 Merthyr Cynog SN9837 |
| meudwy nm | hermit | Ynysymeudwy SN7305 Porth Meudwy SH1625 |
| mh- | A word starting mh may be a mutated form of a word starting p | |
| mign, mignen nf, mignedd pl | bog, quagmire | Migneint SH7842 Tal-y-mignedd SH5252 |
| milgi nm | greyhound | Ffynnon Maen Milgi SJ0634 Ffynnon y Milgi SJ1251 |
| miliast nf | greyhound bitch | Gwal y Filiast SN1725 Carnedd y Filiast SH6162 |
| min nm | margin side | Minffordd SH5770 Minffrwd SJ0523 |
| mochyn nm moch pl | pig | Mochdre SH8278 Crug-moch SN3333 |
| moel adj | bare, bald | Nant-y-moel SS9392 Moelfre SH5186 |
| moel nf | bare hill | Y Foel SH9911 Rhyd-y-foel SH9176 |
| morfa nm | marsh, fen | Morfa Bychan SH5437 Morfa Nefyn SH2840 |
| moryd nf | estuary, channel | Afon Foryd SH4457 Foryd SH4559 |
| mur nm muriau pl | wall | Castell Tomen-y-mur SH7038 Mur Melyn SH1728 |
| mwdwl nm | stack, cock of hay | Mwdwl-eithin SH9154 Pen y Mwdwl SH9266 |
| mwnws nm | refuse heap | Rhiw Fwnws SO1653 Castell y Mwnws ST0280 |
| mwyalch, mwyalchen nf | blackbird | Croes-y-mwyalch ST3092 Llechwedd-fwyalchen SH8627 |
| mwyn nm | ore, mine | Rhandir-mwyn SN7843 Rhyd-y-mwyn SJ2066 |
| mynach nm mynych, menych, mynaich pl | monk | Capel Coed-y-mynach SO3402, Ystradmynach ST1494 |
| mynachdy nm | monastic grange | Trwynmynachdy SM6922 Mynachdy SN7995 |
| mynachlog nf | monastery | Mynachlog-ddu SN1430 Mynachlog SJ2367 |
| mynwent nf | churchyard, cemetery | Penyfynwent SH4388 Esgair-fynwent SN5334 |
| mynydd nm | mountain, moorland | Penmynydd SH5074 Gwernymynydd SJ2162 |
| n- | A word starting n may be a mutated form of a word starting d | |
| nant nf, nentydd, naint, nannau pl | brook | Nantyffyllon SS8592 Nant-glas SN9965 |
| nant nm, nentydd, naint, nannau pl | dingle, glen | Nant-y-moel SS9392, Llanfihangel-y-pennant SH6709 |
| neuadd nf | hail | Llety’r-neuadd SN4728 Llwyneuadd SN8824 |
| newydd adj, newydd, newyddion pl | new | Castell Newydd Emlyn SN3040 Y Drenewydd SO1191 |
| ng- | A word starting ng may be a mutated form of a word starting g | |
| ngh- | A word starting ngh may be a mutated form of a word starting c | |
| nh- | A word starting nh may be a mutated form of a word starting t | |
| noddfa nf/m | refuge, shelter, sanctuary | Braich y Noddfa SH1326 Caer Noddfa SN9696 |
| nyth nm/f | nest, inaccessible position | Nyth-grug SO1760 Tap Nyth-yr-eryr SH9021 |
| ochr nf | side, slope | Ochr Cefn SH8449 Ochr Fawr SN7455 |
| odyn nf | kiln | Rhydodyn SN6334 Twynrodyn SO0505 |
| oer adj | cold, exposed | Waun-oer SH7814 Cwm Oergwm SO0623 |
| offeiriad nm | priest | Nantyroffeiriad SO0343, Nantyroffeiriad-fawr SO0343 |
| ogof, gogof nf, ogofau, gogofau pl | cave | Bryn-yr-ogof SJ1956 Ogof Ddu SH8921 |
| onllwyn nm | ash grove | Yr Onllwyn SN8310 Onllwyn SN8410 |
| onnen nf onn, ynn pl | ash-tree | Trefonnen ST3483 Rhyd-yr-onnen SH6102 |
| pabell nf pebyll pl | tent, grove | Babell SJ1573 Cilybebyll SN7404 |
| pair nm | cauldron | Bryniau Pair SH8562 Nant-y-pair SN3422 |
| pâl nm | palisaded enclosure | Penrhiwpâl SN3445 Pen-pâl SN5418 |
| palmant nm | paved way | Penpalmant SJ0668 Pen-y-Palmant SJ0475 |
| pandy nm | fulling-mill | Pandy SJ1935 Tonypandy SS9992 |
| pant nm | hollow, valley | Pant-glas SH4747 Cwmsychbant SN4746 |
| panwaun nf | bog where cotton-grass | Panwaun Pen-y-coetgae SN9000 Panwaun |
| panweunydd pl | grows | Pwll-gwellt SO0401 |
| parc nm, parciau, parcau pl | park, field, enclosure | Penparcau SN5880 Cwm-parc SS9596 |
| pedwar num pedair f | four | Pedair Onnen SS9778 Pedair-ffordd SJ1124 |
| pelan nf | knoll, hillock, tump;river bank, sea wall | Pen-y-belan SJ1204 Belan SJ2004 |
| pella(f) adj | farthest | Taipellaf SH9456 Ty Pellaf SH1121 |
| pen nm pennau pl | head, top; end, edge | Pen-y-bont-fawr SJ0824 Penfro SM9801 |
| penrhyn nm | promontory | Penrhyndeudraeth SH6139 Penrhyn-side SH8181 |
| pentre(f) nm | homestead, village | Pentre-bach SN5547 Pentregwenlais SN6016 |
| perfedd nm | middle, midst | Treberfedd SJ3012 Banc Cefnperfedd SO0984 |
| perllan nf | orchard | Berllan SN1239 Berllandawel SN1727 |
| perth nf perthi pl | bush, brake, hedge | Arberth SN1014 Berth-ddu SO0185 |
| ph- | A word starting ph may be a mutated form of a word starting p | |
| pi nf piod pl | magpie | Pentre-piod SH8930 Llwyn-y-piod SN5103 |
| pia nm | magpie | Llwynypia SS9993 Castell y Pia ST1190 |
| pica adj | pointed, sharp | Bryniau Pica SN8066 Llan-pica SO2250 |
| pig nf | point | Pig y Baw SN0140 Nant-y-big SH3025 |
| pigyn nm | point | Pigyn Esgob SH7651 Pigyn Shon-Nicholas SN6635 |
| pistyll nm | spout, waterfall | Pistyll SH3242 Tan-y-pistyll SJ0729 |
| plas nm | hall, mansion | Plas Einion SJ1354 Plas-criafol SJ1131 |
| plwm nm | lead | Nant Felin-blwm SJ1380 Gwaun Ynys-plwm ST0383 |
| plwyf nm | parish | Blaen-plwyf SN5775 Blaen Plwyf Ystrad SN5753 |
| poeth adj | hot, burnt | Cwmfelin-boeth SN1919 Coed-poeth SJ2851 |
| ponc nf ponciau pl | hillock, tump | Pen-y-bonc SH2181 Bonc SJ1637 |
| poncyn, poncen nm, nf | small hillock | Ponciau SJ2946 Clawdd Poncen SJ0744 |
| pont nf | bridge | Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr SN1745 Bontnewydd SH4859 |
| porchell, parchell nm, perchyll pl | young pig | Penporchell SH9967 Coed Wernporchell SH6371 |
| porth nm | gate, gateway | Porth-y-rhyd SN5215 Porth-yr-aur SH4762 |
| porth nf | harbour, bay, landing-place, ferry | Porthaethwy SH5572 Porthmadog SH5638 |
| pren nm | tree | Prenteg SH5841 Coed-saithpren SN5223 |
| prys(g) nm | copse, brushwood | Prys-mawr SH8630 Penprysg SS9682 |
| pum(p) num | five | Llanpumsaint SN4129 Pumryd SH8719 |
| ’r (see y) | ||
| pwll nm pyllau pl | pit, pool | Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll SH5371 Glasbwll SN7397 |
| r- | A word starting r may be a mutated form of a word starting rh | |
| rhaeadr nf | waterfall | Rhaeadr SN9768 Llanrhaeadr-yng-Nghinmeirch SJ0863 |
| rhandir nm | region, district, measure of land | Rhandir-mwyn SN7843 Rhandir SH8371 |
| rhedyn(n)og nf | fern-brake | Glynrhedynog SS9997 Rhedynog Bellaf SH4138 |
| rhedynen nf rhedyn pl | fern | Rhedyn-coch SH4166 Brynrhedyn SH9764 |
| rhestr nf | row, series | Rhestr Cerrig SN8078 Blaen Rhestr SN8469 |
| rhingyll nm | herald, beadle | Castell-y-rhingyll SN5714 Ffynnon Ringyll ST1089 |
| rhiw nf/m | hill, slope | Rhiwlas SH5765 Troed-y-rhiw SO0702 |
| rhod nf | wheel, orbit | Rhod Isaf SM7023 Rhodmad SN5974 |
| rhos nf rhosydd pl | moor, promontory | Rhosgadfan SH5057 Rhosnesi SJ3450 |
| rhudd adj | red, crimson | Rhuddallt SH6718 Rhuddlan SJ0278 |
| rhyd nf/m | ford | Rhydlydan SH8950 Pont-rhyd-y-fen SS7994 |
| saer nm seiri pl | crafsman | Bryn Saer SJ2769 Glyn Saer SN8442 |
| saeth nf saethau pl | arrow | Rhiwsaeth SJ0722 Bwlchysaethau SH6154 |
| Sais nm Saeson pl | Englishman | Pant-y-Sais SS7194 Cae’r Sais SH2677 |
| sant, san nm saint pl | saint; monk | Pumsaint SN6540 Llantrisant ST0483 |
| sarff nf | serpent | Sarffle SJ1433 Ffynnon Sarff SH2931 |
| sarn nf sarnau pl | causeway | Tal-y-sarn SH4853 Sarnau SN3150 |
| serth adj | steep | Bryn Serth SO1410 Maen-serth SN9469 |
| siambr nf | chamber | Siambr-wen SJ0723 Siambr-gerrig SJ1933 |
| sigl, siglen nf | quagmire | Bwlch Siglen SH8313 Siglen SH7464 |
| simnai, simdde nf | chimney | Porth Simdde SH1626 Cerrig Simdde SH7940 |
| stent nm/f | extent (land) | Tir Stent SH7516 Cil Stent SH7960 |
| sticil, sticill nf | stile | Pontsticill SO0511 Garn Pontsticill SO0511 |
| stryd, stryt nf | way, street | Stryd SH2482 Stryt-cae-rhedyn SJ2660 |
| swch nf | ploughshare, triangular piece of land | Swch-cae-rhiw SJ1335 Swch y Llan SH9348 |
| swllt nm | shilling | Crug y Swllt SN1712 Garn-swllt SN6209 |
| swydd nf | seat, lordship, office | Swyddffynnon SN6966 Rhos-swydd SO1264 |
| sych adj | dry | Cwmsychbant SN4746 Sycharth SJ2025 |
| tafarn nm/f tafarnau pl | tavern | Pentre Tafarn-y-fedw SH8162 Tafarnygelyn SJ1861 |
| tafol np | dock plants | Tafolgraig SN6597 Tafolwern SH8902 |
| tafolog nf | place where dock grows | Blaen-Tafolog SH8909 Tafolog SH8909 |
| tail nm | dung, manure | Bryn Tail ST0989 Bryntail SN9187 |
| tâl nm | end, top | Tal-y-bont SN6589 Talacre SJ1284 |
| talar nf | headland (of field) | Troedrhiwdalar SN9553 Dalarwen SN7850 |
| talch nm | fragment, pounded grain | Cefnbryntalch SO1796 Bryntalch SO1795 |
| talwrn nm, talyrni, tylyrni pl | bare exposed hill-side, open space, threshing floor, cockpit | Talwrn SH4977 Talwrn SJ2947 |
| tan, dan pr | under, beneath | Tan-y-fron SH9564 Tan-y-bwlch SH6540 |
| tarren nf tarreni pl | rocky tump | Nant Tarren-fedw-ddu SN7893 Tarren Bwlch-gwyn SN8193 |
| tarw nm teirw pl | bull | Crugtarw SN3734 Mynydd Tarw SJ1132 |
| tas nf | stack, rick | Pen Tas-eithin SN5743 Y Das SO1932 |
| teg adj | fair | Maes-teg SS8591 Llan-teg SN1810 |
| telyn nf | harp | Rhyd-y-delyn Fawr SH5275 Caedelyn SN5806 |
| tew adj | thick, fat | Cors Tewgyll SN1331 Llwyntew SN9428 |
| th- | A word starting th may be a mutated form of a word starting t | |
| tir nm | land, territory | Tirabad SO8741 Brithdir SH7719 |
| tlawd adj tlodion pl | pauper, poor | Tyddyn-tlodion SJ1753 Cae Tlodion SH5925 |
| tom, tomen nf | pile, muck-heap, mound, hillock | Domgae SJ2719 Tomen y Meirw SJ1638 |
| ton, tonnen nf/m, tonnau pl | grassland (left unplowed), lea | Ton-teg ST0986 Tonypandy SS9992 |
| top nm | top | Top-rhiw-fawr SJ1117 Top-y-fron SJ2769 |
| tor nm | break, gap | Tor Glas SO0319 Torbant SM8430 |
| torglwyd nf | door-hurdle, gate | Maestorglwyd SO2137 Dorglwyd SN6500 |
| traeth nm | beach, strand, shore | Malltraeth SH4068 Trefdraeth SN0539 |
| trallwng, trallwm nm | wet low-lying land | Y Trallwng SJ2207 Trallwng SN9629 |
| traws adj & nm | cross, transverse | Trawsgoed SN6773 Trawsfynydd SH7035 |
| tref nf | settlement, hamlet, town | Tre-garth SH6067 Trefalun SJ3856 |
| tri num tair f | three | Tri Chrugiau SN9343 Llantrisant ST0483 |
| trindod nf | trinity | Llandrindod SO0561 Ffynnon-y-drindod SS9373 |
| troed nm/f | base, bottom, (foot) | Allt Troed-y-rhiw SN5235 Troed-rhiw-cymmer SN7648 |
| tros pr | over | Trosnant SO0425 Tros-y-waen SH5666 |
| trum nm trumiau pl | ridge | Trum Gelli SH6501 Cefngeudrum SN7727 |
| trwyn nm | point, cape, (nose) | Trwyn Bendro SM6923 Trwynhwrddyn SM7327 |
| twlch nm tylchau pl | tump, knoll | Cefn-twlch SJ1000 Dôl y Twlch SN8074 |
| twll nm tyllau pl | hole, pit | Twll-y-clawdd SH5073 Ty’n-Twll SJ1055 |
| twmpath nm | tump, hillock | Waun Twmpath SN4602 Twmpath SO0743 |
| tŵr nm | tower | Tre-tŵr SO1821 Twr SH2282 |
| twrch nm tyrchod pl | boar | Twrch Fechan SN7819 Blaen-Twrch SN6849 |
| twyn nm twyni pl | hillock, knoll | Twynrodyn SO0505 Pen-twyn ST5209 |
| tŷ nm tai pl | house | Tŷ-croes SH3472 Pentre Tŷ-gwyn SN8135 |
| tyddyn, ty’n, tyn nm | small farm, holding | Tyn-y-groes SH7771 Ty’n-y-ffridd SJ1130 |
| tyle nm/f | hill, ascent | Maestyle SN5939 Mynydd Tyle-coch SS9396 |
| tylluan nf | owl | Rhosdylluan SH8529 Cwmdylluan SN9588 |
| tyno nm | plain, meadow | Tynohir SN7098 Gwern Tyno SH8477 |
| tywarchen nf, tyweirch, tywyrch pl | sod, turf | Llyn-y-dywarchen SH5653 Penrhiwtywarch SN7144 |
| tywyll adj | dark, gloomy | Tywyllnodwydd SH7102 Cildywyll SN2212 |
| tywyn nm | sandy-shore, sand-dune | Tywyn SH7878 Llanfihangel-yn-nhywyn SH3176 |
| uchaf adj | upper, highest | Felin-gwm-uchaf SN5023 Cwm Twrch Uchaf SN7511 |
| uchel adj | high | Bonuchel SJ0857 Gelli-benuchel SN8005 |
| uwch pr | above, over | Llanuwchllyn SH8730 Uwchmynydd SH1525 |
| uwchlaw pr | above | Uwchlaw’r-coed SH6025 Uwchlaw’r-rhos SH4754 |
| wtra nf | lane | Tynwtra SH8505 Tynyrwtra SJ0517 |
| y, yr, ’r (definite article) | the | Y Ferwig SN1849 Bryn-y-maen SH8376 |
| ychen nm ŷch pl | ox | Porthyrychen SH4693 Rhydyrychen SH8648 |
| ymenyn (see menyn) | ||
| ymryson nm | contention, disputed ground | Rhos Ymryson SN4650 Esgair Ymryson SN8876 |
| yn, ’n pr | in | Llansanffraid-yn-Elfael SO0954 Ty’n-y-cefn SJ0443 |
| ynys nf ynysoedd pl | island; holm, river-meadow | Coed-yr-ynys SO1520 Ynys-las SN6092 |
| ysbyty nm | hospital, hospice | Ysbyty Ystwyth SN7371 Ysbyty Ifan SH8448 |
| ysgafell nf | ledge, brow | Ysgafell Wen SH6649 Tanysgafell SH6166 |
| ysgallog nf | full of thistles; place where thistles abound | Pantysgallog SN9028 Dolysgallog SH8510 |
| ysgawen, ysgaw nf | elder-tree | Comin Cwmysgawen SO0371 Tre-Ysgawen SH4581 |
| ysgeifiog nf | place of elder-trees | Ysgeifiog SJ1571 Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog SH4773 |
| ysgol nf ysgolion pl | ladder, formation on mountain-side | Ysgolion Duon SH6663 Craig-yr-ysgol SN9502 |
| ysgol nf ysgolion pl | school | Ysgoldy SH4382 Tai’r-ysgol SS6997 |
| ysgubor nf, ysguboriau pl | barn | Tyddyn-ysgubor SJ0040 Ysgubor Bach SH1628 |
| ysguthan nf | wood-pigeon | Bryn Ysguthan SH9311 Nant Ysguthan SH9411 |
| ysgwydd nf | shoulder (of mountain) | Ysgwydd Hwch SO0537 Ysgwydd-gwyn-isaf SO1200 |
| ystafell nf | chamber, hiding-place | Ystafelloedd SM7923 Cwm Nant Ystafell SN7108 |
| ystlys nf | side, flank | Ystlys-y-coed-uchaf SN5707, Ystlys-y-coed-isaf SN5606 |
| ystrad nm | valley, holm, river-meadow | Ystrad Rhondda SS9895 Ystradgynlais SN7810 |
| ystum nf/m | bend | Llanystumdwy SH4738 Ystumtuen SN7378 |
| ywen nf yw pl | yew-tree | Careg-ywen SO0052 Llwynywen SN5363 |
Further information and references
Top image: The Vale of Ffestiniog from Plas Tan-y-bwlch © David Purchase, Creative Commons via Geograph Project
Ordnance Survey has benefited from the skill and expertise of various experts in reviewing the previous material and preparing these Guides. In the case of the Welsh section they are Professor Hywel Wyn Owen and Gruffudd Prys of the University of Wales in Bangor. For the Gaelic, Scots and Scandinavian sections they are Dr Anke‑Beate Stahl, Dr Simon Taylor, Peadar Morgan and the Gaelic Names Liaison Committee.
See the collection of guides to place names in Britain:
